【转】11 个很少人知道但很有用的 Linux 命令

Linux命令行吸引了大多数Linux爱好者。一个正常的Linux用户一般掌握大约50-60个命令来处理每日的任务。Linux命令和它们的转换对于Linux用户Shell脚本程序员管理员来说是最有价值的宝藏。有些Linux命令很少人知道,但不管你是新手还是高级用户,它们都非常方便有用。

这篇文章的目的是介绍一些少有人知的Linux命令,它们一定会高效地帮你管理你的桌面/服务器。

 

1. sudo !!命令

没有特定输入sudo命令而运行,将给出没有权限的错误。那么,你不需要重写整个命令,仅仅输入’!!‘就可以抓取最后的命令。

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.$ apt-get update
2.
3.E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
4.E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/
5.E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
6.E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.sudo !!
02.
03.sudo apt-get update
04.[sudo] password for server:
05.
06...
07.Fetched 474 kB in 16s (28.0 kB/s)
08.Reading package lists... Done
09.server@localhost:~$

2. python命令

 

下面的命令生产一个通过HTTP显示文件夹结构树的简单网页,可以通过浏览器在端口8000访问,直到发出中断信号。

# python -m SimpleHTTPServer

3. mtr命令

 

我们大多数都熟悉pingtraceroute。那对于把两个命令的功能合二为一的mtr命令呢。如果mtr没在你的机子上安装,apt或者yum需要的包。

$ sudo apt-get install mtr (On Debian based Systems)

# yum install mtr (On Red Hat based Systems)

现在运行mtr命令,开始查看mtr运行的主机和google.com直接的网络连接。

# mtr google.com

4. Ctrl+x+e命令

 

这个命令对于管理员和开发者非常有用。为了使每天的任务自动化,管理员需要通过输入vivimnano等打开编辑器。

仅仅从命令行快速的敲击“Ctrl-x-e”,就可以在编辑器中开始工作了。

5. nl命令

 

nl命令”添加文件的行数。一个叫做’one.txt‘的文件,其每行的内容是(FedoraDebianArchSlackSuse),给每行添加行号。首先使用cat命令显示“one.txt”的文件内容。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.# cat one.txt
2.
3.fedora
4.debian
5.arch
6.slack
7.suse

现在运行“nl命令”,以添加行号的方式来显示。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.# nl one.txt
2.
3.1 fedora
4.2 debian
5.3 arch
6.4 slack
7.5 suse

6. shuf命令

 

“Shut”命令随机从一个文件文件夹中选择行/文件/文件夹。首先使用ls命令来显示文件夹的内容。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.# ls
02.Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos
03.
04.#  ls | shuf (shuffle Input)
05.Music
06.Documents
07.Templates
08.Pictures
09.Public
10.Desktop
11.Downloads
12.Videos
13.
14.#  ls | shuf -n1 # 随机选择一个
15.Public
16.
17.# ls | shuf -n1
18.Videos
19.
20.# ls | shuf -n1
21.Templates
22.
23.# ls | shuf -n1
24.Downloads

注意:你可以把‘ n1’替换成‘ n2’来输出两个随机选择或者使用 n3、 n4等数字输出其他任意的随机选择。

7. ss命令

 

ss”表示socket统计。这个命令调查socket,显示类似netstat命令的信息。它可以比其他工具显示更多的TCP和状态信息。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.# ss
02.
03.State      Recv-Q Send-Q      Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port  
04.ESTAB      0      0           192.168.1.198:41250        *.*.*.*:http   
05.CLOSE-WAIT 1      0               127.0.0.1:8000             127.0.0.1:41393  
06.ESTAB      0      0           192.168.1.198:36239        *.*.*.*:http   
07.ESTAB      310    0               127.0.0.1:8000             127.0.0.1:41384  
08.ESTAB      0      0           192.168.1.198:41002       *.*.*.*:http   
09.ESTAB      0      0               127.0.0.1:41384            127.0.0.1:8000

8. last命令

 

last”命令显示的是上次登录用户的历史信息。这个命令通过搜索文件“/var/log/wtmp”,显示logged-inlogged-out及其tty‘s的用户列表。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.#  last
02.server   pts/0        :0               Tue Oct 22 12:03   still logged in
03.server   tty8         :0               Tue Oct 22 12:02   still logged in
04.
05....
06.(unknown tty8         :0               Tue Oct 22 12:02 - 12:02  (00:00)   
07.server   pts/0        :0               Tue Oct 22 10:33 - 12:02  (01:29)   
08.server   tty7         :0               Tue Oct 22 10:05 - 12:02  (01:56)   
09.(unknown tty7         :0               Tue Oct 22 10:04 - 10:05  (00:00)   
10.reboot   system boot  3.2.0-4-686-pae  Tue Oct 22 10:04 - 12:44  (02:39)   
11.
12.wtmp begins Fri Oct  4 14:43:17 2007

9. curl ifconfig.me

 

那么如何得到你的外部IP地址呢?使用google?那么这个命令就在你的终端输出你的外部IP地址。

# curl ifconfig.me

注意:你可能没有按照curl包,你需要 apt/yum来按照包。

10. tree命令

 

以树式的格式得到当前文件夹的结构。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.# tree
02..
03.|-- Desktop
04.|-- Documents
05.|   `-- 37.odt
06.|-- Downloads
07.|   |-- attachments.zip
08.|   |-- ttf-indic-fonts_0.5.11_all.deb
09.|   |-- ttf-indic-fonts_1.1_all.deb
10.|   `-- wheezy-nv-install.sh
11.|-- Music
12.|-- Pictures
13.|   |-- Screenshot from 2013-10-22 12:03:49.png
14.|   `-- Screenshot from 2013-10-22 12:12:38.png
15.|-- Public
16.|-- Templates
17.`-- Videos
18.
19.10 directories, 23 files

11. pstree

 

这个命令显示当前运行的所有进程及其相关的子进程,输出的是类似‘tree’命令的树状格式。

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.# pstree
02.init─┬─NetworkManager───{NetworkManager}
03.├─accounts-daemon───{accounts-daemon}
04.├─acpi_fakekeyd
05.├─acpid
06.├─apache2───10*[apache2]
07.├─at-spi-bus-laun───2*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
08.├─atd
09.├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon
10.├─bluetoothd
11.├─colord───{colord}
12.├─colord-sane───2*[{colord-sane}]
13.├─console-kit-dae───64*[{console-kit-dae}]
14.├─cron
15.├─cupsd
16.├─2*[dbus-daemon]
17.├─dbus-launch
18.├─dconf-service───2*[{dconf-service}]
19.├─dovecot─┬─anvil
20.│         ├─config
21.│         └─log
22.├─exim4
23.├─gconfd-2
24.├─gdm3─┬─gdm-simple-slav─┬─Xorg
25.│      │                 ├─gdm-session-wor─┬─x-session-manag─┬─evolution-a+
26.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─gdu-notific+
27.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─gnome-scree+
28.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─gnome-setti+
29.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─gnome-shell+++
30.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─nm-applet──+++
31.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─ssh-agent
32.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─tracker-min+
33.│      │                 │                 │                 ├─tracker-sto+
34.│      │                 │                 │                 └─3*[{x-sessi+
35.│      │                 │                 └─2*[{gdm-session-wor}]
36.│      │                 └─{gdm-simple-slav}
37.│      └─{gdm3}
38.├─6*[getty]
39.├─gnome-keyring-d───9*[{gnome-keyring-d}]
40.├─gnome-shell-cal───2*[{gnome-shell-cal}]
41.├─goa-daemon───{goa-daemon}
42.├─gsd-printer───{gsd-printer}
43.├─gvfs-afc-volume───{gvfs-afc-volume}

目前为止就这么多。在下篇文章中,我将涉及一些其他很少有人知道的有趣的Linux命令。到那时连接 Tecmint保持收看。喜欢和分享将有助于我们传播。

 

英文原文:11 Lesser Known Useful Linux Commands

via: http://www.oschina.net/translate/11-lesser-known-useful-linux-commands

【转】Linux 中如何打开一个大文本文件

在“大数据”时代,我们会经常遇到有大文本文件(上 GB 或更大)的情况。假设需要我们手工的搜索和编辑这些大文件,或者为了解决一些特定的问题而需要手工分析多个上 GB 的日志文件。传统的文本编辑软件对处理这样的大文件不太有效,当我们试图打开一个大文件时会经常由于内存不足而郁闷的不行。

如果你是一个精明的系统管理员,你也许会用 cat、tail、grep、sed、awk 等这些命令的组合来打开和编辑一个文本文件。在这篇教程里,我将会谈论关于如何在 Linux 中打开(并编辑)一个大文本文件的更友好的方式方法。

Vim 的 LargeFile 插件

 

Vim文本编辑器拥有大量的插件(或脚本),它们能扩展 VIM 的功能。其中的一个Vim插件是 LargeFile 插件

LargeFile 插件可以使大文件更迅速的被加载和编辑,它是通过关闭 VIM 的一些像事件、回退、语法高亮等功能来实现的。

要在 VIM 上安装 LargeFile 插件,首先要确认是否已经安装 VIM。

在 Debian、 Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统中:

$ sudo apt-get install vim

在 Fedora、CentOS 或 RHEL 系统中:

$ sudo yum install vim-enhanced

可以从 Vim website 上下载 LargFile 插件,最新版本号是5,下载的文件将会保存为 Vimball 格式(以 .vba 结尾)。

要在你的 home 目录下安装插件,用 VIM 打开 .vba 文件,如下所示。

$ gunzip LargeFile.vba.gz
$ vim LargeFile.vba

在 VIM 窗体上输入 “:so %”,然后按回车键,就可以在你的 home 目录下安装这个插件了。

完成后,输入 “:q” 退出 VIM。

这个插件将会被安装在 ~/.vim/plugin/LargeFile.vim 下。现在可以像平常一样使用 VIM 了。

当在 VIM 中装载一个“大”文件的时候,这个插件起的作用就是关掉事件、回退、语法高亮等功能。默认情况下大于 100MB 的文件就会被插件认为是“大文件”。要改变也个默认设置,你可以编辑 ~/.vimrc 文件(如果不存在就创建一个)。

如要把大文件的标准最小定为 10MB 的话,可以在 ~/.vimrc 中添加

let g:LargeFile=10

虽然 LargeFile 可以加速文件装载的速度,但 VIM 自身对编辑相当大的文件支持不太好,因为它会一下子把整个文件都加载进内存。例如,用 VIM 装载 1G 大小的文件,它就会占很多内存和交换空间,如下图所示的顶部输出。

所以如果你的文件明显大于你 Linux 系统的物理内存的话,就要考虑其它的选择,如下所述。

glogg 日志资源管理器

如果你只需要查看一个文本文件,并不对它做编辑,可以考虑下 glogg。它是一款基于图形用户界面的独立日志分析器。这个 glogg 分析器支持通过正则表达式和通配符来对要打开的文本文件进行过滤和筛选,使用户只看到其真正关注的内容。

在 Debian (Wheezy 版本或更高版本)、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统中安装 glogg :

$ sudo apt-get install glogg

在 Fedora (17 版本或更高版本) 系统中安装 glogg :

$ sudo yum install glogg

用 glogg 打开文本文件 :

$ glogg test.log

glogg 能很快的打开一个大文本文件。我花了大约 12 秒就打开了一个 1G 的日志文件。

在 “Text” 区域,你可以输入正则表达式,然后点击 “Search” 按纽,它支持表达式大小写敏感搜索以及自动刷新功能。搜索后,在窗体底部会显示出筛选的结果内容。

 

从装载文件来跟 VIM 对比, glogg 显得更轻量级,在加载完一个 1G 的日志文件后,它仅仅只使用了 83M 的物理内存。

 

JOE 文体编辑器

 

JOE 是GPL下发布的一个轻量级的基于终端的文本编辑器。JOE 是一款少有的支持大文件的文本编辑器,可以打开和编辑比物理内存大的文件。

此外,JOE支持各种功能强大的文本编辑功能,如非破坏性编辑,用正则表达式搜索和替换,无限次的撤销/重做,语法高亮等。

在 Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统中安装 JOE:

$ sudo apt-get install joe

在 Fedora、CentOS 或 RHEL 系统中安装 JOE:

$ sudo yum install joe

要打开编辑文本文件,请运行:

$ joe test.log

 

相比上面提到的 glogg 来说,用 JOE 加载一个大文本文件会有点卡,加载一个 1G 的文件要用将近 30 秒的时间,不过考虑到要对文件进行全文编辑,这还能忍受。一旦文件加载完成,就可以在相当快捷的终端模式中编辑此文件。

JOE的内存消耗令人印象深刻。加载并编辑一个1GB的文本文件,只花费47MB的物理内存。

 

 

如果你还知道在 Linux 中打开/编辑大文本文件的其它方法的话,请跟我们分享!

 


via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/open-large-text-file-linux.html

Ubuntu包源列表 包括aliyun、163等

如何使用Ubuntu Night 

Ubuntu Night(  http://ubuntu9.com ) 的Top mirror功能根据当前的网络情况和源健康状况不断地进行更新当前可用的源的信息,包括了Top fast/near/stable mirror,可以找到当前网络上所有可用的Ubuntu 镜像(即源),并按照平均下载速度和地理位置进行排名。而且,当你找到最适合你的源之后,还可以直接下载它的sources.list 文件,并可直接将它copy到/etc/apt/sources.list或者放在/etc/apt/souces.list.d目录下,非常的方便,无须苦苦找可用源。

[编辑]如何使用我们推荐的源 

Info 不同的网络状况连接以下源的速度不同, 建议在添加前手动验证以下源的连接速度(ping下就行),选择最快的源可以节省大批下载时间。

  • 首先备份源列表(for sure):
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
  • 而后用gedit或其他编辑器打开:
 gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
 kdesudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list  
 gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list
 gksu leafpad /etc/apt/sources.list (12.04版)
 gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • 从下面列表中选择合适的源,替换掉文件中所有的内容,保存编辑好的文件:
 注意:一定要选对版本
  • 然后,刷新列表:
sudo apt-get update
 注意:一定要执行刷新

[编辑]源列表 

[编辑]Utopic(14.10)版本 

Ubuntu 官方更新服务器(欧洲,此为官方源,国内较慢,但无同步延迟问题,电信、移动/铁通、联通等公网用户可以使用): 
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu官方提供的其他软件(第三方闭源软件等):
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ utopic partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main
骨头兄亲自搭建并维护的 Ubuntu 源(该源位于浙江杭州百兆共享宽带的电信机房),包含 Deepin 等镜像: 
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
网易163更新服务器(广东广州电信/联通千兆双线接入),包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
搜狐更新服务器(山东联通千兆接入,官方中国大陆地区镜像跳转至此) ,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
阿里云更新服务器(北京万网/浙江杭州阿里云服务器双线接入),包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
开源中国更新服务器(浙江杭州阿里云服务器),包含其他开源镜像: 

(http 亦可替换为 ftp)

deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oschina.net/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
中国开源软件中心更新服务器(北京光环新网服务器),包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.oss.org.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Linux运维派架设的更新服务器(北京阿里巴巴科技有限公司服务器),包含其他开源镜像: 

(域名中的.cn可以替换为.com)

deb http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.skyshe.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
北京首都在线科技股份有限公司 更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
常州贝特康姆软件技术有限公司 更新服务器(江苏常州电信服务器),包含其他开源镜像
CN99域名 系 “常州市亚科技术有限公司” 所注册,但此公司与常州贝特康姆的法人代表和营业地址相同。所以本镜像实际即原 CN99。但现在 CN99镜像的域名已改为跳转至网易镜像):
deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://centos.bitcomm.cn/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

以下为有教育网接入的服务器(推荐教育网用户使用,部分非教育网用户也有可观的速度。教育网用户请优先使用IPv6地址。

中国科学技术大学更新服务器(位于合肥,千兆教育网接入,百兆电信/联通线路智能路由),由中科大 Linux 用户协会中科大学网络信息中心维护,包含其他开源镜像Deepin 官方服务器 实际亦指向此处: 
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
清华大学更新服务器,(教育网核心节点百兆接入,已计划提高到千兆)由清华大学学生网管会维护。包含其他开源镜像
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
IPv4-Only 地址
deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn//ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
中国地质大学开源镜像站,由中国地质大学 Linux 爱好者维护。包含其他开源镜像, (校外限 IPv6 访问):
deb http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
debhttp://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.cug.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
北京交通大学更新服务器(教育网/电信百兆接入),由北京交通大学信息中心赞助,包含其他开源镜像
(域名中的 bjtu 可以替换为 njtu ,即北交旧名“北方交通大学”对应域名) :
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror6.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
北京理工大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit6.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
北京化工大学更新服务器(仅教育网可以访问),包含其他开源镜像
IPv4-Only 地址
(域名中的 buct.edu.cn 可以替换为 buct.cn ) :
deb http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.buct6.edu.cn/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
天津大学更新服务器,由天津大学信息与网络协会和天津大学自由软件联盟维护,包含其他开源镜像 (校外限 IPv6 访问)
(域名可以替换为 jx.tju.zyrj.org 或 jx6.tju.zyrj.org)
deb http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.tju.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
山东理工大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像限校内访问: 
deb http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sdutlinux.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
东北大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.neu6.edu.cn/mirrors/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
哈尔滨工业大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像
deb http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
IPv6-Only地址
deb http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://run6.hit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
大连理工大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像

( IPv4/v6 Both )

deb http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.dlut.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
上海交通大学更新服务器(教育网千兆接入,联通/电信线路情况不详),包含其他开源镜像

(http 亦可替换为 ftp))

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
IPv6-Only 地址
deb http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
江苏开放大学更新服务器,由江苏开放大学技术中心维护,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.jstvu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
南京师范大学更新服务器,包含其他开源镜像限校内访问: 
deb http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.njnu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
浙江大学更新服务器,由浙江大学Linux用户组维护,包含其他开源镜像: 
(域名可以替换为mirrors.zju.edu.cn)

( IPv4/v6 Both )

deb http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.zjustu.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
华中科技大学更新服务器,由华中科技大学网络与计算中心维护,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
华中科大联创团队更新服务器,由华中科技大学启明学院 联创团队维护,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
厦门大学更新服务器,由厦门大学信息与网络中心维护,包含其他开源镜像: 

( IPv4/v6 Both )

deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
中山大学更新服务器,由中山大学网络与信息技术中心维护,包含其他开源镜像: 
deb http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sysu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
西南林业大学更新服务器,只包括当前稳定版和开发版,不包括 LTS 镜像。由西南林业大学计信学院维护。包括 Debian 镜像: 
deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://cs3.swfu.edu.cnubuntu/ utopic-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main multiverse restricted universe
电子科技大学(位于成都)更新服务器,由电子科技大学学生宿舍网络管理委员会维护,仅包含 Ubuntu 镜像
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
电子科技大学另一更新服务器,由电子科大凝聚网络安全工作室维护,包含 Ubuntu 和 Raspian镜像,以及 Linux Deepin镜像
deb http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnssuestc.org/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
西安交通大学更新服务器,由西安交通大学众享社维护,包含其他开源镜像
deb http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.xjtuns.cn/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

以下为大陆地区外的源

香港中文大学更新服务器,由香港中文大学资讯科技服务处维护,包含其他开源镜像

deb http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk/pub/Linux/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe

香港 01link 更新服务器,由香港联达网络服务有限公司维护:

deb http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.01link.hk utopic-proposed main restricted universe

香港 uhost 更新服务器,由香港互联科技有限公司维护:

deb http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.uhost.hk utopic-proposed main restricted universe

台湾的官方源。速度有时甚至快于内地的,包含 Debian 等其他镜像

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse



Trusty(14.04)版本 

将上述列表地址中的 utopic 替换为 trusty 即可

详细


[编辑]Precise(12.04)版本 

将上述列表地址中的 utopic 替换为 precise 即可

详细


[编辑]Lucid(10.04) 版本 

将上述列表地址中的 utopic 替换为 lucid 即可

详细

Linux 6如何安装图形化界面

Linux 6如何安装图形化界面

 

yum groupinstall “X Window System” “GNOME Desktop Environment”

need KDE

yum groupinstall “X Window System” KDE

need XFCE
yum groupinstall “X Window System” XFCE

 

 

 

Exadata How to Remote Boot from Rescue Disk

This note describes how to remotely boot an Exadata system from the rescue disk.

SOLUTION

1. Find the rescue disk image on a still functioning node (or download from note)

# locate diag.iso
/opt/oracle.cellos/diag.iso

Download it to your local machine.

2. Login to the gui ilom
https://<hostname-of-ilom>/ or https://<ip-address-of-ilom>/

3. Set Next Boot Device to CDROM

Expand Host Management menu
Click on Host Control
Select Next Boot Device to CDROM
Save

 

01_ilom-hostcontrol

4. Start remote console

Expand Remote Control menu
Click on Redirection
Click on Launch Remote Console

 

02_ilom-redirection

Open the console image with Java Web Start Launcher

If you get the error “No appropriate protocol (protocol is disabled or cipher suites are inappropriate)” then refer to the following note:

Cannot Use ILOM Remote System Console When SSLv3 is Disabled in Java (Doc ID 1968537.1)

03_ilom-javawebstart

 

4. Attach the diag.iso to the CD-ROM

Click menu Devices->CD-ROM Image…

04_ilom-cdimage1

 

Locate the image that you downloaded and select it.
(A diag.iso from Exadata 11.2.3.3.0 is provided with this note. It is known to work using the procedure described here. Newer images may not work using this procedure.)

05_ilom-cdimage2

 

5. Reboot or start the system

If the system is currently up then reboot it.
If not then go back to Ilom and click on Power Control (under Host Management)
Select either Reset or Power Cycle

 

06_ilom-powercycle

 

You should see a screen like this if it is booting from the rescue disk.

07_ilom-rescue1

 

6. Enter the diagnostics shell

When you get to the “Select:” prompt, type “e” to
(e)nter interactive diadnostics shell. Must use credentials from Oracle

 

08_ilom-rescue2

 

Login as root / sos1exadata

Once in diagnostics mode the root partition will be mounted at /mnt/cell. If you need additional disks you will have to mount them manually.

When done, reboot again to return to normal boot sequence.

了解Oracle Linux近况

从2006年开始Oracle 提供自己的Linux发行版本: Oracle Enterprise Linux 后改称为Oracle Linux, 采用自己定制的UEK unbreakable Enterprise Kernel内核。

到 Linux 6开始仅在自己的Oracle Linux上提供ASMLIB软件,并集成了Ksplice

目前关于Oracle Linux的市场份额 gartner 和 idc没有对外公开的市场调查文档,但是有报告宣称在新的Linux 市场license许可证销售中Oracle Linux占了80.5%的比重(redhat的同学勿拍砖)。

在实际使用中 若搭建Oracle 、Mysql 数据库服务器,本人更推荐采用Oracle Linux 5/6。

同时Oracle官方宣称UEK比 redhat的kernel 在性能上有诸多优势:

  • 8kb flash cache reads 下UEK比 Red Hat compatible kernel ,IOPS高400%
  • Solid State Disk access 每秒吞吐量高137%
  • 8 socket database OLTP 下 每秒事务数 高75%

 

oracle linux uek performance

 

 

 

使用Shell分析WordPress的Nginx Access日志

使用Shell分析Nginx Access日志:

找出访问最多的前50个页面
cat site.log  | grep "18/Jul/2013" | grep -v "/wp-content" |grep -v "/wp-includes"|grep "html" |awk '{print $7}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 50

找出访问最频繁的时段
awk '{print $4}' site.log  | grep "18/Jul/2013" |cut -c 14-18|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head

为什么RHEL 6上没有ASMLIB?

为什么RHEL 6上没有ASMLIB?

 

有些人简单解释为Oracle为了推广自家的Oracle Linux而特意为之,实际上这一评价是不公允的。

ASMLIB的特殊性是它有部分Linux Kernel内核级别的组件, 而Kernel的开放与否完全取决于Kernel内核的维护者,对于Red Hat Enterprise Linux而言是Redhat公司。 由于Redhat公司从RHEL 6这个版本开始决定从Kernel中移除ASMLIB,并且不再给与Oracle公司对于该部分内核代码的访问修改权利,这直接导致Oracle不可能build出FOR RHEL 6的ASMLIB版本,因此显然这是Redhat的问题,而非O记得问题。

 

注意ASMLIB仅仅是不支持原生态的RHEL 6的Kernel,这不代表在RHEL 6上不可能用ASMLIB。Metalink文档介绍了相关信息:

 

What is ASMLib?

 

ASMLib is free, optional software for the Automatic Storage Management (ASM) feature of Oracle Database that simplifies the management and discovery of ASM disks and makes I/O processing and kernel resource usage with ASM storage more efficient. ASMLib is not required to use the Automatic Storage Management (ASM) feature of Oracle Database on Linux and all features and functionality of ASM will work without ASMLib.

Software Update Policy for ASMLib running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Oracle provides ASMLib software and support for customers who receive Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) operating system support from Red Hat and have a valid Oracle database support contract. Only the latest release of ASMLib will be provided for new Linux kernels released with each new RHEL minor release (“Update”). For example, if Red Hat were to release kernel 2.6.18-194.0.1.el5, Oracle will only release the latest version of ASMLib, say 2.0.5, for that kernel. Oracle will not release any previous versions of ASMlib for that kernel.

Furthermore, ASMLib software is only provided for Linux kernels for which the corresponding packages (devel, src, binaries) are available to Oracle. For example, Oracle cannot provide ASMLib software for kernels provided under Red Hat’s Extended Update Model or “z-stream” support.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6)

For RHEL6 or Oracle Linux 6, Oracle will only provide ASMLib software and updates when configured Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK). Oracle will not provide ASMLib packages for kernels distributed by Red Hat as part of RHEL 6 or the Red Hat compatible kernel in Oracle Linux 6. ASMLib updates will be delivered via Unbreakable Linux Network(ULN) which is available to customers with Oracle Linux support. ULN works with both Oracle Linux or Red Hat Linux installations, but ASMlib usage will require replacing any Red Hat kernel with UEK

 
对于RHEL6,只要使用Oracle自己的Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel(UEK)内核则仍可以使用ASMLIB软件及其更新,仅仅是不支持RHEL 6自带的Kernel以及Redhat兼容的Kernel。  可以使用Unbreakable Linux Network(ULN)更新ASMLIB,前提是用户购买了Oracle Linux  Support服务。 不管是Oracle Linux还是Redhat Linux均可以使用ULN服务,但是ASMlib要求必须将任何Redhat Kernel替换为UEK。

 

Unbreakable Linux Network

 

相关阅读:

 在Linux 6上使用UDEV解决RAC ASM存储设备名问题
利用UDEV服务解决RAC ASM存储设备名
Why ASMLIB and why not?
如何诊断ASMLIB故障

How to Re-install GRUB Loader on Oracle Linux 5/6

GOAL

Under some rare conditions, you may get a GRUB loader corruption.

This article illustrates how to re-install the GRUB loader on Oracle Linux 5 or 6.

Symptoms

1) The GRUB menu is not shown when booting the server

2) Boot the server into rescue mode using installation DVD, and check the header of the booting disk

If the GRUB loader is corrupted:

# file -s /dev/sda
/dev/sda: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, active, starthead 1, startsector 63, 64998927 sectors; partition 2: ID=0x82, starthead 254, startsector 64998990, 2104515 sectors

While a good one looks like:

# file -s /dev/sda
/dev/sda: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, active, starthead 1, startsector 63, 64998927 sectors; partition 2: ID=0x82, starthead 254, startsector 64998990, 2104515 sectors, code offset 0x48

The output may vary from different releases, but the key point is that the first output is missing ‘code offset 0x48‘, which is a indicator of GRUB Stage 1 code.

SOLUTION

For native Oracle Linux:

Let’s assume that the booting disk is sda, the / partition is sda2, and /boot partition is sda1.

1) Boot the server into rescue mode, and mount the filesystem automatically, Please refer to: How to Boot Oracle Linux into Rescue Mode
The / partition would be mounted under /mnt/sysimage automatically.
If not, mount it manually:

# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/sysimage

 

2) Mount the /boot partition and /dev manually, to prepare the chroot environment:

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sysimage/boot
# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/sysimage/dev
# chroot /mnt/sysimage

 

3) Re-install the GRUB loader

# grub-install /dev/sda

For Oracle Linux on Engineered System Exadata:

1) Boot the server with Exadata diagnostics iso
The / partition would be mounted under /mnt/cell automatically.
2) Mount the /boot partition and /dev manually, to prepare the chroot environment

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/cell/boot
# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cell/dev
# chroot /mnt/cell

 

3) Re-install the GRUB loader

# grub-install /dev/sda

HOW TO RECOVER A LOST ROOT PASSWORD WITHIN LINUX

A new system has been taken out of the box and root password is not known. One cannot log into the system because the root password has been lost.

Resolution
To resolve this issue, take the following steps:

1. Insert the OS Restore cd into the cdrom drive.

2. Reboot. You will need to power-cycle the system if you don’t have an open root shell already.

3. A screen will come up with a boot prompt. From here, type in “linux rescue” before the screen disappears.

ie: boot: linux rescue

4. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) will come up. Press the enter key to continue to restore the sysimage. Your root partition will mount under /mnt/sysimage

5. Select “ok” from the next GUI to get to the command line.

6. # cd /mnt/sysimage/etc

7. Set the terminal type before continuing.

#TERM=builtin_xterm

#export TERM

8. #vi shadow

9. Remove the encrypted password from the ‘root’ line. For example, change the line:

root:pXzVIQRTHlmRT.:6445::::::

to

root::6445::::::

Everything between the first two colons has to go. The above changes the root password to null.

10. Type “exit”. This will eject the cdrom and halt the system.

11. Remove the cdrom.

12. Power-cycle the system again.

When the system comes back up you will be able to login as root without a password.

Product
Linux

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