增量检查点如何更新控制文件?

2012/07/22 by Leave a Comment

有同学在 T.askmac.cn上提问关于增量检查点更新控制文件的问题：

 

 

Know more about checkpoint

checkpoint 分成很多种 full 、file、thread、parallel query、 object 、incremental 、logfile switch

每一种checkpoint 都有其自身的特性，例如Incremental Checkpoint会要求ckpt 每3s 更新一次controlfile 但是不更新datafile header， 而FULL CHECKPOINT要求立即完成(同步的) 且会同时更新 controlfile 和 datafile header。

Incremental Checkpoint会要求ckpt 每3s 更新一次controlfile
>>我想问的时：如何查看此时控制文件中更新的SCN?除了DUMP控制文件，有没有命令查询?

 

 

 

我希望通过以下演示说明该问题：

 

 

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

SQL> oradebug setmypid;
Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug dump controlf 4;
Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name ;
/s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4660.trc

另开一个窗口等待6s在做一次controlf DUMP 

SQL>  exec dbms_lock.sleep(6);
oradebug setmypid;
oradebug dump controlf 4;
oradebug tracefile_name ;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> Statement processed.
SQL> Statement processed.
SQL> /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4663.trc

 

 

比较以上获得的2个前后有6s间隔的CONTROLFILE DUMP 文件：

 

 

[oracle@vrh8 udump]$ diff /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4660.trc /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4663.trc
1c1
< /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4660.trc --- > /s01/admin/G10R25/udump/g10r25_ora_4663.trc
13c13
< Unix process pid: 4660, image: oracle@vrh8.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3) --- > Unix process pid: 4663, image: oracle@vrh8.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3)
15,18c15,19
< *** ACTION NAME:() 2012-07-22 07:59:08.215
< *** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@vrh8.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3)) 2012-07-22 07:59:08.215
< *** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2012-07-22 07:59:08.215
< *** SESSION ID:(159.7) 2012-07-22 07:59:08.215 --- > *** 2012-07-22 07:59:31.779
> *** ACTION NAME:() 2012-07-22 07:59:31.779
> *** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@vrh8.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3)) 2012-07-22 07:59:31.779
> *** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2012-07-22 07:59:31.779
> *** SESSION ID:(159.9) 2012-07-22 07:59:31.779
96,98c97,99
< THREAD #1 - status:0x2 flags:0x0 dirty:56
< low cache rba:(0x1a.3.0) on disk rba:(0x1a.121.0)
< on disk scn: 0x0000.013fe7a8 07/22/2012 07:59:02 --- > THREAD #1 - status:0x2 flags:0x0 dirty:57
> low cache rba:(0x1a.3.0) on disk rba:(0x1a.148.0)
> on disk scn: 0x0000.013fe7c2 07/22/2012 07:59:27
100,101c101,102
< heartbeat: 789262462 mount id: 2675014163
< Flashback log tail log# 15 thread# 1 seq 229 block 274 byte 0 --- > heartbeat: 789262470 mount id: 2675014163
> Flashback log tail log# 15 thread# 1 seq 229 block 275 byte 0
2490c2491
<   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140734752341296, stamp=140734752341288 --- >   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140733792718464, stamp=140733792718456
2501c2502
<   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140734752341296, stamp=140734752341288 --- >   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140733792718464, stamp=140733792718456
2511c2512
<   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140734752341296, stamp=140734752341288 --- >   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140733792718464, stamp=140733792718456
2521c2522
<   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140734752341296, stamp=140734752341288 --- >   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140733792718464, stamp=140733792718456
2531c2532
<   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140734752341296, stamp=140734752341288 --- >   V$RMAN_STATUS: recid=140733792718464, stamp=140733792718456

 

 

 

排除部分V$RMAN_STATUS记录存在差异外，最主要的差别在于： CHECKPOINT PROGRESS RECORDS 这是因为 ckpt 每3s一次对controlfile做heartbeat 更新 CHECKPOINT PROGRESS RECORDS。

第一次 controlf dump：

 

***************************************************************************
CHECKPOINT PROGRESS RECORDS
***************************************************************************
(size = 8180, compat size = 8180, section max = 11, section in-use = 0,
last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)
(extent = 1, blkno = 2, numrecs = 11)
THREAD #1 – status:0x2 flags:0x0 dirty:56
low cache rba:(0x1a.3.0) on disk rba:(0x1a.121.0)
on disk scn: 0x0000.013fe7a8 07/22/2012 07:59:02
resetlogs scn: 0x0000.01394f1a 07/19/2012 07:27:21
heartbeat: 789262462 mount id: 2675014163
Flashback log tail log# 15 thread# 1 seq 229 block 274 byte 0
THREAD #2 – status:0x0 flags:0x0 dirty:0
low cache rba:(0x0.0.0) on disk rba:(0x0.0.0)
on disk scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
heartbeat: 0 mount id: 0
Flashback log tail log# 0 thread# 0 seq 0 block 0 byte 0

 

 

第二次 controlf dump:

 

***************************************************************************
CHECKPOINT PROGRESS RECORDS
***************************************************************************
(size = 8180, compat size = 8180, section max = 11, section in-use = 0,
last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)
(extent = 1, blkno = 2, numrecs = 11)
THREAD #1 – status:0x2 flags:0x0 dirty:57
low cache rba:(0x1a.3.0) on disk rba:(0x1a.148.0)
on disk scn: 0x0000.013fe7c2 07/22/2012 07:59:27
resetlogs scn: 0x0000.01394f1a 07/19/2012 07:27:21
heartbeat: 789262470 mount id: 2675014163
Flashback log tail log# 15 thread# 1 seq 229 block 275 byte 0
THREAD #2 – status:0x0 flags:0x0 dirty:0
low cache rba:(0x0.0.0) on disk rba:(0x0.0.0)
on disk scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00
resetlogs scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00

 

差异在于
on disk rba
on disk scn
heartbeat
Flashback log tail log#

 

即实际CKPT每3s更新heartbeat控制文件一次，更新的内容是 on disk rba、on disk scn、heartbeat 如果启用了闪回日志的话那么还有Flashback log ， 而并不更新数据库当前的SCN(CURRENT SCN)。

 

如果你想查看ckpt每3s更新的 on disk scn的话可以参考 内部视图X$KCCCP–[K]ernel [C]ache [C]ontrolfile management [c]heckpoint [p]rogress  X$KCCCP Checkpoint Progress Records:

 

 

 

SQL> desc x$kcccp;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ADDR                                               RAW(8)
 INDX                                               NUMBER
 INST_ID                                            NUMBER
 CPTNO                                              NUMBER
 CPSTA                                              NUMBER
 CPFLG                                              NUMBER
 CPDRT                                              NUMBER
 CPRDB                                              NUMBER
 CPLRBA_SEQ                                         NUMBER
 CPLRBA_BNO                                         NUMBER
 CPLRBA_BOF                                         NUMBER
 CPODR_SEQ                                          NUMBER
 CPODR_BNO                                          NUMBER
 CPODR_BOF                                          NUMBER
 CPODS                                              VARCHAR2(16)
 CPODT                                              VARCHAR2(20)
 CPODT_I                                            NUMBER
 CPHBT                                              NUMBER
 CPRLS                                              VARCHAR2(16)
 CPRLC                                              NUMBER
 CPMID                                              NUMBER
 CPSDR_SEQ                                          NUMBER
 CPSDR_BNO                                          NUMBER
 CPSDR_ADB                                          NUMBER

 

 

其中cpods 为 ” on disk scn” ，cpodr_seq||cpodr_bno||cpodr_bof为”on disk rba”,CPHBT为heartbeat number:

 

 

SQL> select cpods "on disk scn",
  2         to_char(cpodr_seq, 'xxxxxx') || ',' ||
  3         to_char(cpodr_bno, 'xxxxxxxxx') || ',' ||
  4         to_char(cpodr_bof, 'xxxxxxxxx') "on disk rba",
  5         CPHBT "heartbeat number"
  6    from x$kcccp;

on disk scn      on disk rba                    heartbeat number
---------------- ------------------------------ ----------------
20968609              1a,      240a,         0         789263152
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0

8 rows selected.

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> exec dbms_lock.sleep(3);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select cpods "on disk scn",
  2         to_char(cpodr_seq, 'xxxxxx') || ',' ||
  3         to_char(cpodr_bno, 'xxxxxxxxx') || ',' ||
  4         to_char(cpodr_bof, 'xxxxxxxxx') "on disk rba",
  5         CPHBT "heartbeat number"
  6    from x$kcccp;

on disk scn      on disk rba                    heartbeat number
---------------- ------------------------------ ----------------
20968613              1a,      2410,         0         789263154
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0

8 rows selected.

SQL> 
SQL> exec dbms_lock.sleep(3);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select cpods "on disk scn",
  2         to_char(cpodr_seq, 'xxxxxx') || ',' ||
  3         to_char(cpodr_bno, 'xxxxxxxxx') || ',' ||
  4         to_char(cpodr_bof, 'xxxxxxxxx') "on disk rba",
  5         CPHBT "heartbeat number"
  6    from x$kcccp;

on disk scn      on disk rba                    heartbeat number
---------------- ------------------------------ ----------------
20968623              1a,      241e,         0         789263156
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0
0                      0,         0,         0                 0

8 rows selected.
Filed Under: Oracle, Oracle Internal Research内部原理研究 Tagged With: , ,

logfile switch causes incremental checkpoint?

2010/11/03 by 4 Comments

不少Oracle的初学者都会因为checkpoint这个知识点而头痛，绝大多数Oracle文档对完全检查点和增量检查点的描述又都略显朦胧；譬如在线日志的切换引起的是完全检查点还是增量检查点这个问题，就有不少的争论。实际上增量检查点与完全检查点有一个显著的区别:完全检查点发生时控制文件和数据文件头中的checkpoint scn都会被更新，而增量检查点发生时只有控制文件中的checkpoint scn更新;
我们可以通过以下演示证明日志切换引发的到底是何种检查点?:

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1665476
           1665476
           1665476
           1665476
           1665476
           1665476
6 rows selected.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
6 rows selected.

/* 手动执行checkpoint,数据文件头的checkpoint scn立即更新了 */

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
6 rows selected.

/* 单纯flush buffer cache冲刷数据库高速缓存不会更新数据文件头的checkpoint scn */

SQL> alter system set log_checkpoints_to_alert=true;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_checkpoint_timeout=20;
System altered.

/* 设置log_checkpoint_timeout为20s，频繁引发增量检查点 */

alert log:
Wed Nov  3 20:24:49 2010
Incremental checkpoint up to RBA [0x3d.dff1.0], current log tail at RBA [0x3d.dff6.0]
Wed Nov  3 20:25:07 2010
Incremental checkpoint up to RBA [0x3d.dff7.0], current log tail at RBA [0x3d.dffc.0]
Wed Nov  3 20:25:25 2010
Incremental checkpoint up to RBA [0x3d.dffd.0], current log tail at RBA [0x3d.e002.0]
Wed Nov  3 20:25:43 2010
Incremental checkpoint up to RBA [0x3d.e003.0], current log tail at RBA [0x3d.e008.0]
Wed Nov  3 20:26:01 2010
Incremental checkpoint up to RBA [0x3d.e009.0], current log tail at RBA [0x3d.e00e.0]

SQL> set time on;

20:26:38 SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131

6 rows selected.

/* 可以看到增量检查点并不会引起数据文件头的checkpoint scn 被更新 */

20:26:43 SQL>  alter system set log_checkpoint_timeout=1800;
System altered.

/* 那么日志文件切换就会引起数据文件头的checkpoint scn被更新吗？*/

20:28:10 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

20:29:16 SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
           1697131
6 rows selected.

/* logfile switch 日志文件切换引起的是一种slow慢的完全检查点，它不同于alter system checkpoint(ASC)，
   ASC要求的脏块写出和控制文件及数据文件头更新时要立即完成的，也就是说当alter system checkpoint语句返回"System altered."
   后以上工作都已经完成了；而alter system switch logfile或者自然的日志切换引发的是一种慢的完全检查点，
   它在返回"System altered"时不要求写脏块等工作必须已经完成
*/

/* 我们可以用冲刷高速缓存的方式保证脏块写出的工作被督促完成 */

20:33:39 SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.

20:33:45 SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1697544
           1697544
           1697544
           1697544
           1697544
           1697544

6 rows selected.

/* 虽然日志切换所引发的slow checkpoint(慢的检查点)并无立即完成的要求，但也并非全无限制；
   当某次日志切换由1号日志组切换到2号日志组时，
   将引发一个slow checkpoint，之后日志连续切换又要切到1号日志组时要求之前的那个slow checkpoint在切换前必须完成
*/

20:41:35 SQL> set timing on;

20:42:02 SQL>  select * from v$log;
    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- -------------------
         1          1         67   52428800          2 YES INACTIVE               1698288 2010-11-03 20:41:19
         2          1         68   52428800          2 YES INACTIVE               1698292 2010-11-03 20:41:21
         3          1         69   52428800          2 NO  CURRENT                1698302 2010-11-03 20:41:35
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

20:42:17 SQL> delete tv;
51134 rows deleted.
Elapsed: 00:00:01.68

20:42:34 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

20:42:36 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

20:42:40 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

20:42:43 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:02.00

20:45:28 SQL>  select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header where status='ONLINE';
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
------------------
           1700686
           1700686
           1700686
           1700686
           1700686
           1700686
6 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

alter.log告警日志中的内容:

Wed Nov  3 20:42:40 2010
Beginning log switch checkpoint up to RBA [0x46.2.10], SCN: 1700686
...........................
Wed Nov  3 20:42:45 2010
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 72
Checkpoint not complete
....................
Completed checkpoint up to RBA [0x46.2.10], SCN: 1700686

/* 最近一次的日志切换耗费2s，在告警日志中可以看到此次slow checkpoint的相关记录 */
Filed Under: Oracle, Oracle Internal Research内部原理研究 Tagged With: , , , , ,

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