Does Rman Backup benefit from Large Pool?

我们在学习Oracle的过程中,或多或少会存在个人对概念的理解错误、误解或者根本是教材编写存在不严谨的地方,这样或以讹传讹或三人言虎,导致在Oracle圈子存在着一些古老相传的迷信(superstition),因为这些迷信已经深入人心了,所以我们几乎很难纠正过来;这其实很有意思,IT作为一个高科技的领域也会出现迷信,说明我们在IT技术的”教学”和”思考”上存在问题,这一点值得深思。

这里我列出几个最为常见的迷信,算作抛砖引玉:

1.几乎所有的Oracle入门教程都会在介绍Large pool的时候这样描述:”RMAN 备份使用large pool作为磁盘I/O缓冲区,配置Large pool有助于提高RMAN备份性能”

Truth:除非你启用了slaves IO,否则rman并不使用large pool

RMAN I/O可以分成三种模式:

Mode Disk tape
Asynchronous I/O 绝大多数操作系统支持AIO,默认disk_asynch_io为TRUE,即默认启用磁盘异步IO。如果磁盘设备不支持AIO,那么会使用synchronous I/O。磁盘异步模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区域从PGA中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中 磁带设备本身不支持AIO(tape I/O is always synchronous),虽然默认tape_asynch_io为TRUE,但磁带设备只能通过IO slaves模拟异步IO,所以启用磁带AIO需要另外设置backup_tape_io_slaves=TRUE。此模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区从shared pool或者large pool中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中
Synchronous I/O 若disk_asynch_io设置为false,或操作系统不支持异步IO,且dbwr_io_slaves=0时启用Synchronous I/O。此时RMAN I/O缓冲区从PGA中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_sync_io视图中 默认backup_tape_io_slaves为false,即磁带设备默认不启用AIO而使用Synchronous I/O。此时RMAN I/O缓冲区从PGA中分配,相关性能信息存放在V$backup_sync_io视图中
Slaves I/O 启用disk slaves I/O,要求设置disk_asynch_io=false且dbwr_io_slaves>0。此模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区从shared pool或者large pool中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中 设置tape_asynch_io=true且backup_tape_io_slaves=true时启用,磁带的AIO模式其实就是使用slaves Io模拟获得的。所以此模式下的一切和tape AIO完全一样

我们在使用RMAN备份数据库时无论是磁盘备份还是磁带备份总是优先期望使用AIO异步IO特性(tape aio比较特殊,见上表),使用AIO的前提是设置合理的初始化参数以及操作系统支持AIO,如果我们使用的操作系统不支持AIO那么我们将不得不使用Synchronous IO同步IO。这并不是世界末日,因为Oracle提供了IO从属进程(slaves IO)来模拟AIO,当然这是退而求其次的。为了启用slaves IO,我们需要手动设置backup_tape_io_slaves或dbwr_io_slaves参数来启用IO从属特性,当使用磁带备份时设置backup_tape_io_slaves(此时tape_asynch_io应当为true)为true,当使用磁盘设备时设置dbwr_io_slaves(此时disk_asynch_io应当为false)为非零值。在启用slaves IO的前提下RMAN才会从Large pool当中分配内存并加以利用,如果没有配置large pool(注意如果启用了ASMM,那么Oracle会自动为large pool分配一个granule大小的空间)或者large pool过小,那么RMAN的内存缓冲区将从shared pool中分配。如果Oracle仍不能获得足够内存,那么将本地进程获取足够的IO缓存。若我们启用了I/O slaves,那么很有必要配置一个足够大的Large pool(一般60-100M就足够了),这样RMAN的I/O缓存区可以从large pool中分配,避免了RMAN的I/O buffer和shared pool中的library cache等其他组件发生竞争。

If I/O slaves are used, I/O buffers are obtained from the SGA ,or the large pool, if configured.If LARGE_POOL_SIZE is set, then Oracle attempts to get memory from the large pool. If this value is not large enough, then Oracle does not try to get buffers from the shared pool.If Oracle cannot get enough memory, then it obtains I/O buffer memory from local process memory and writes a message to the alert.log file indicating that synchronous I/O is used for this backup.

在默认情况下Oracle对于磁盘设备使用AIO模式(disk_asynch_io=true & dbwr_io_slaves=0 by default),而对于磁带设备使用synchronous I/O(tape_asynch_io=true & backup_tape_io_slaves=false by default),都不会启用slaves I/O,所以默认情况下RMAN总是从PGA中分配缓存。换而言之在默认情况下,即便配置了较大的Large pool也不会为RMAN所用。

RMAN allocates the tape buffers in the SGA or the PGA, depending on whether I/O slaves are used. If you set the initialization parameter BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES = true, then RMAN allocates tape buffers from the SGA or the large pool if the LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter is set. If you set the parameter to false, then RMAN allocates the buffers from the PGA.

我们来通过以下演示,进一步验证AIO/Slave IO环境下RMAN内存缓冲区从哪里分配,并加强印象:

SQL> select * From v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> show parameter async

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
disk_asynch_io                       boolean     TRUE
tape_asynch_io                       boolean     TRUE

SQL> select * From v$sgastat where pool='large pool';

POOL         NAME                            BYTES
------------ -------------------------- ----------
large pool   PX msg pool                    903840
large pool   free memory                  15873376

backup as backupset database skip offline;

SQL> select * From v$sgastat where pool='large pool';

POOL         NAME                            BYTES
------------ -------------------------- ----------
large pool   PX msg pool                    903840
large pool   free memory                  15873376

/* 在AIO模式下,全库备份后发现large pool未发生变化 */

SQL> alter system set disk_asynch_io=false scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set dbwr_io_slaves=2 scope=spfile;
System altered.

/* 以上启用了磁盘I/O Slave特性 */

SQL> startup force;

[oracle@rh2 ~]$ ps -ef|grep i10|grep -v grep
oracle   20761     1  0 20:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_i101_G10R2
oracle   20763     1  0 20:44 ?        00:00:00 ora_i102_G10R2

/* 启用I/O Slave后会出现ora_ixxx_SID这样的后台进程 */

SQL> select * From v$sgastat where pool='large pool';

POOL         NAME                            BYTES
------------ -------------------------- ----------
large pool   PX msg pool                    903840
large pool   free memory                  15873376

RMAN> backup as backupset database skip offline;

SQL> select * From v$sgastat where pool='large pool';

POOL         NAME                            BYTES
------------ -------------------------- ----------
large pool   PX msg pool                    903840
large pool   free memory                  24151392
large pool   KSFQ Buffers                 25276416

SQL> /

POOL         NAME                            BYTES
------------ -------------------------- ----------
large pool   PX msg pool                    903840
large pool   free memory                  41006432
large pool   KSFQ Buffers                  8421376

/* 启用了I/O Slave后执行备份操作,
    large pool中出现了KSFQ Buffers,这个KSFQ buffer就是RMAN所使用的缓冲区,
    实际决定该buffer大小的是隐藏参数_backup_ksfq_bufsz和_backup_ksfq_bufcnt */

SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col describ for a70
SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
  2   FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
  3   WHERE x.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  4   AND y.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  5   AND x.indx = y.indx
  6  AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%ksfq%';

NAME                           VALUE      DESCRIB
------------------------------ ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
_backup_ksfq_bufsz             0          size of the ksfq buffer used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt            0          number of the ksfq buffers used for backup/restore

/* 在10g中似乎Oracle会自动调控以上2个参数 */

SQL> alter system set "_backup_ksfq_bufsz"=131072;
System altered.

SQL> alter system set "_backup_ksfq_bufcnt"=1;
System altered.

RMAN> backup tablespace data01;

/*  I/O slaves的IO统计信息仍存放在V$backup_sync_io视图中,
    而非可能是你所预期的v$backup_sync_io视图  */

SQL> select type,buffer_size,buffer_count from v$backup_async_io;

TYPE      BUFFER_SIZE BUFFER_COUNT
--------- ----------- ------------
AGGREGATE           0            0
INPUT          131072            1
OUTPUT        1048576            4

另外large pool的使用量可以通过下列公式来估算:
LARGE_POOL_SIZE =
(4 * {RMAN Channels} * {DB_BLOCK_SIZE} * {DB_DIRECT_IO_COUNT} * {Multiplexing Level})
+
(4 * {RMAN Channels} * {Tape Buffer Size})

事实上如果你probe过PGA的内存使用情况,那么你或许会在PGA headdump中看到过”KSFQ heap”的相关信息。显然当在非slaves IO模式下,RMAN会从PGA HEAP->KSFQ heap这个subheap子堆中分配必要的buffer。

我们在磁盘AIO模式下执行必要的backup操作,之后找出RMAN相关的shadow process并对其做heapdump,分析其pga内存使用情况

SQL> select spid,pga_used_mem,pga_max_mem from v$process where addr in
  2  (select paddr from v$session where program like '%rman%')
  3  order by pga_used_mem desc ;

SPID         PGA_USED_MEM PGA_MAX_MEM
------------ ------------ -----------
24424             5750341    14410829
24425             4717957    12134125
24413             3308341     9626701
24423              435773      993005

SQL> oradebug setospid 24424;
Oracle pid: 25, Unix process pid: 24424, image: oracle@rh2.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3)

SQL> oradebug dump heapdump 536870917;
Statement processed.

SQL> oradebug tracefile_name;
/s01/admin/G10R2/udump/g10r2_ora_24424.trc

==========================heapdump details==============================

FIVE LARGEST SUB HEAPS for heap name="pga heap"   desc=0x68d3ec0
  Subheap ds=0x87c83e8  heap name=       KSFQ heap  size=         4205296
   owner=(nil)  latch=(nil)

******************************************************
HEAP DUMP heap name="KSFQ heap"  desc=0x87c83e8
 extent sz=0x1040 alt=32767 het=32767 rec=0 flg=2 opc=2
 parent=0x68d3ec0 owner=(nil) nex=(nil) xsz=0x20228
EXTENT 0 addr=0x7f86bf788dd8
  Chunk     7f86bf788de8 sz=  1049112    freeable  "KSFQ Buffers   "
EXTENT 1 addr=0x7f86bf988dd8
  Chunk     7f86bf988de8 sz=  1049112    freeable  "KSFQ Buffers   "
EXTENT 2 addr=0x7f86bfb88dd8
  Chunk     7f86bfb88de8 sz=  1049112    freeable  "KSFQ Buffers   "
EXTENT 3 addr=0x7f86bfc98dd8
  Chunk     7f86bfc98de8 sz=  1049112    freeable  "KSFQ Buffers   "
EXTENT 4 addr=0x7f86bfddf358
  Chunk     7f86bfddf368 sz=     5192    freeable  "KSFQ ctx       "
EXTENT 5 addr=0x87c7680
  Chunk        0087c7690 sz=      984    perm      "perm           "  alo=984
  Chunk        0087c7a68 sz=     1944    free      "               "
  Chunk        0087c8200 sz=      464    freeable  "KSFQ buffer poo"
Total heap size    =  4205032
FREE LISTS:
 Bucket 0 size=0
  Chunk        0087c7a68 sz=     1944    free      "               "
Total free space   =     1944
UNPINNED RECREATABLE CHUNKS (lru first):
PERMANENT CHUNKS:
  Chunk        0087c7690 sz=      984    perm      "perm           "  alo=984
Permanent space    =      984

/* 以上可以看到KSFQ Heap子堆共占用了4205296=4M内存,
    而该服务进程的pga_used_memory总量为5750341 bytes,即KSFQ占该进程PGA的73%
    另外这里KSFQ Buffer的大多Chunk是freeable的,仅少量为perm                    */

另外磁带I/O缓冲区的大小可以在配置通道时指定,其默认值由操作系统决定,一般为64k。我们使用allocate channel命令设置磁带I/O缓冲区,为了达到最佳性能,可以将磁带I/O缓冲区大小设置为256KB或更大,如:

allocate channel maclean1 device type sbt
parms="blksize=262144,ENV=(NB_ORA_SERV=nas,NB_ORA_POLICY=racdb,NB_ORA_CLIENT=rh2)";

结论:

  1. 在默认情况下(即disk backup使用AIO而tape backup使用sync IO),RMAN backup并不会从Large Pool中获益,而是从PGA中的KSFQ heap中分配必要的I/O内存缓冲区。当然我们还是推荐设置Large_pool_size为100M左右,因为即使是PC服务器也不会缺这一点内存
  2. 仅当启用I/O slaves时RMAN backup从Large Pool中分配ksfq buffer(ksfq buffer used for backup/restore),在9i/10g中常有因large pool过小而引起ORA-04031错误的案例;若large pool大小为0,那么ksfq buffer会从shared pool中分配,一方面ORA-04031:(“shared pool”,”unknown object”,”sga heap(1,0)”,”KSFQ Buffers”)错误的概率将大大增加,另一个方面将造成KSFQ与library cache间的竞争,不利于性能。这种情况下RMAN backup的确从Large pool中得到收益,设置large_pool_size为100M仍是被推荐的
  3. 在非slaves IO模式下RMAN从PGA的KSFQ heap子堆中分配I/O缓冲区,因为在非slaves IO模式下该内存缓冲区没有共享的必要

待修订!!

Mode Disk tape
Asynchronous I/O 绝大多数磁盘设备支持AIO,默认disk_asynch_io为TRUE,即默认启用磁盘异步IO。如果磁盘设备不支持AIO,那么会使用synchronous I/O。磁盘异步模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区域从PGA中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中 磁带设备本身不支持AIO,虽然默认tape_asynch_io为TRUE,但磁带设备只能通过IO slaves模拟异步IO,所以启用磁带AIO需要另外设置backup_tape_io_slaves=TRUE。此模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区从shared pool或者large pool中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中
Synchronous I/O 若disk_asynch_io设置为false,或磁盘设备不支持异步IO,且dbwr_io_slaves=0时启用Synchronous I/O。此时RMAN I/O缓冲区从PGA中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_sync_io视图中 默认backup_tape_io_slaves为false,即磁带设备默认不启用AIO而使用Synchronous I/O。此时RMAN I/O缓冲区从PGA中分配,相关性能信息存放在V$backup_sync_io视图中
Slaves I/O 启用disk slaves I/O,要求设置disk_asynch_io=false且dbwr_io_slaves>0。此模式下RMAN I/O缓冲区从shared pool或者large pool中分配,相关IO性能信息存放在V$backup_async_io视图中 同tape AIO时一样

解决ORA-27103:internal error错误一例

一套Linux x86-64上的11.2.0.2数据库在startup启动阶段遭遇了ORA-27103:internal error内部错误,其出错日志如下:

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-27103: internal error
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9404423
Additional information: 2

oerr 27103
Usage: oerr facility error

Facility is identified by the prefix string in the error message.
For example, if you get ORA-7300, "ora" is the facility and "7300"
is the error.  So you should type "oerr ora 7300".

If you get LCD-111, type "oerr lcd 111", and so on.

================= alert.log ====================
This instance was first to mount
2011-05-02 21:49:47.009000 +08:00
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /s01/orabase/diag/rdbms/prod/PROD1/trace/PROD1_asmb_14386.trc:
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 393240 bytes of shared memory 
("large pool","unknown object","large pool","ASM map operations hashtable")
ASMB (ospid: 14386): terminating the instance due to error 4031

System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=14386 (ASMB)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].

System State dumped to trace file /s01/orabase/diag/rdbms/prod/PROD1/trace/PROD1_diag_14346.trc

Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20110502214947], requested by 
(instance=1, osid=14386 (ASMB)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].

Instance terminated by ASMB, pid = 14386

=============================system state dump============================

PROCESS 24: ASMB
  ----------------------------------------
  SO: 0x92c955c8, type: 2, owner: (nil), flag: INIT/-/-/0x00 if: 0x3 c: 0x3
   proc=0x92c955c8, name=process, file=ksu.h LINE:12451, pg=0
  (process) Oracle pid:24, ser:1, calls cur/top: 0x9288c778/0x9288c778
            flags : (0x6) SYSTEM
            flags2: (0x0),  flags3: (0x0)
            intr error: 0, call error: 0, sess error: 0, txn error 0
            intr queue: empty
    ksudlp FALSE at location: 0
  (post info) last post received: 2296 0 2
              last post received-location: ksl2.h LINE:2293 ID:kslpsr
              last process to post me: 92c8e248 1 6
              last post sent: 0 0 26
              last post sent-location: ksa2.h LINE:282 ID:ksasnd
              last process posted by me: 92c8e248 1 6
    (latch info) wait_event=0 bits=0
    Process Group: DEFAULT, pseudo proc: 0x92d24ae0
    O/S info: user: oracle, term: UNKNOWN, ospid: 14386
    OSD pid info: Unix process pid: 14386, image: oracle@rh2.oracle.com (ASMB)
    ----------------------------------------
    SO: 0x92e80a58, type: 4, owner: 0x92c955c8, flag: INIT/-/-/0x00 if: 0x3 c: 0x3
     proc=0x92c955c8, name=session, file=ksu.h LINE:12459, pg=0
    (session) sid: 13 ser: 1 trans: (nil), creator: 0x92c955c8
              flags: (0x51) USR/- flags_idl: (0x1) BSY/-/-/-/-/-
              flags2: (0x408) -/-
              DID: , short-term DID:
              txn branch: (nil)
              oct: 0, prv: 0, sql: (nil), psql: (nil), user: 0/SYS
    ksuxds FALSE at location: 0
    service name: SYS$BACKGROUND
    Current Wait Stack:
      Not in wait; last wait ended 1.501399 sec ago
    Wait State:
      fixed_waits=0 flags=0x21 boundary=(nil)/-1
    Session Wait History:
        elapsed time of 1.501469 sec since last wait
     0: waited for 'SGA: allocation forcing component growth'
        =0x0, =0x0, =0x0
        wait_id=14 seq_num=27 snap_id=7
        wait times: snap=0.000000 sec, exc=0.305374 sec, total=0.305390 sec
        wait times: max=infinite
        wait counts: calls=6 os=6
        occurred after 0.000000 sec of elapsed time
     1: waited for 'SGA: allocation forcing component growth'
        =0x0, =0x0, =0x0
        wait_id=20 seq_num=26 snap_id=1
        wait times: snap=0.000001 sec, exc=0.000001 sec, total=0.000001 sec
        wait times: max=infinite
        wait counts: calls=1 os=1
        occurred after 0.000000 sec of elapsed time
     2: waited for 'SGA: allocation forcing component growth'
        =0x0, =0x0, =0x0
        wait_id=14 seq_num=25 snap_id=6

在没有阅读告警日志前我的第一反应可能是上次shutdown时Oracle进程没有被清理干净,导致shared memory segments一直没有释放,从而造成了以上ORA-27103错误。

不过其实这个问题告警日志里有明确的信息,即RDBMS Instance数据库实例在mount阶段asmb进程(负责db instance与asm instance的交互)试图从large pool大池中分配390k的空间,但遭遇了ORA-04031错误,如果asmb后台进程无法正常工作将直接导致db实例无法找到asm存储上的必要Extent,因此导致出出现了”ORA-27103: internal error:Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory”。

换而言之ORA-04031错误才是罪魁祸首,我们来是看该实例初始化的内存参数:

[oracle@rh2 dbs]$ strings spfilePROD1.ora |egrep "sga|memory|pool"
PROD1.__large_pool_size=16777216
*.memory_target=943718400
*.shared_pool_size=314572800
*.streams_pool_size=0

因为是11g的实例所以采用了automatic memory management特性管理直接设置了memory_target参数为900M,并设置了1号实例的large pool最小为16M,900M的大小对于10g的实例而言仍是绰绰有余的,但是显然在11gr2中设置memory_target为900M是不足以驱动这样一个”庞然大物”的。我们需要配置更多的内存,亦或者可以通过设置更大的large pool来解决令人郁闷的ORA-04031错误:

[oracle@rh2 dbs]$ strings spfilePROD1.ora > initPROD1.ora
[oracle@rh2 dbs]$ rm spfilePROD1.ora 
[oracle@rh2 dbs]$ vi initPROD1.ora

/* 修改memory_target为至少912M */

*.memory_target=1200M

/* 成功启动!  */
SQL> startup ;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
Fixed Size                  2226072 bytes
Variable Size             687868008 bytes
Database Buffers          553648128 bytes
Redo Buffers                8921088 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

Private Interface 'eth1:1' configured from GPnP for use as a private interconnect.
  [name='eth1:1', type=1, ip=169.254.236.169, mac=94-0c-6d-71-8c-c2, net=169.254.0.0/16, mask=255.255.0.0, use=haip:cluster_interconnect/62]
Public Interface 'eth0' configured from GPnP for use as a public interface.
  [name='eth0', type=1, ip=192.168.1.121, mac=6c-f0-49-03-5f-99, net=192.168.1.0/24, mask=255.255.255.0, use=public/1]
Public Interface 'eth0:1' configured from GPnP for use as a public interface.
  [name='eth0:1', type=1, ip=192.168.1.133, mac=6c-f0-49-03-5f-99, net=192.168.1.0/24, mask=255.255.255.0, use=public/1]
Public Interface 'eth0:2' configured from GPnP for use as a public interface.
  [name='eth0:2', type=1, ip=192.168.1.122, mac=6c-f0-49-03-5f-99, net=192.168.1.0/24, mask=255.255.255.0, use=public/1]
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
2011-05-02 22:28:04.408000 +08:00
WARNING: db_recovery_file_dest is same as db_create_file_dest
Autotune of undo retention is turned on. 
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in server-side pfile /s01/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initPROD1.ora
System parameters with non-default values:
  processes                = 150
  shared_pool_size         = 304M
  streams_pool_size        = 0
  memory_target            = 1200M
  control_files            = "+DATA/prod/controlfile/current.261.747100215"
  control_files            = "+DATA/prod/controlfile/current.260.747100215"
  db_block_size            = 8192
  db_flash_cache_file      = "/flashcard/prod1cache.dsk"
  db_flash_cache_size      = 20G
  compatible               = "11.2.0.0.0"
  log_archive_dest_1       = "location=+DATA"
  cluster_database         = TRUE
  db_create_file_dest      = "+DATA"
  db_recovery_file_dest    = "+DATA"
  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 40320M
  thread                   = 1
  undo_tablespace          = "UNDOTBS1"
  instance_number          = 1
  db_domain                = ""
  dispatchers              = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=PRODXDB)"
  remote_listener          = "rh-cluster-scan:1521"
  remote_listener          = "*.remote_login_pas"
  audit_file_dest          = "/s01/orabase/admin/PROD/adump"
  audit_trail              = "DB"
  db_name                  = "PROD"
  open_cursors             = 300
  diagnostic_dest          = "/s01/orabase"
Cluster communication is configured to use the following interface(s) for this instance
  169.254.236.169
cluster interconnect IPC version:Oracle UDP/IP (generic)
IPC Vendor 1 proto 2
2011-05-02 22:28:07.675000 +08:00
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name '*.remote_login_pas'
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=19807 
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=19809 
2011-05-02 22:28:08.754000 +08:00
VKTM started with pid=4, OS id=19811 at elevated priority
GEN0 started with pid=5, OS id=19815 
VKTM running at (1)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
DIAG started with pid=6, OS id=19817 
DBRM started with pid=7, OS id=19819 
PING started with pid=8, OS id=19821 
ACMS started with pid=9, OS id=19823 
DIA0 started with pid=10, OS id=19825 
LMON started with pid=11, OS id=19827 
LMD0 started with pid=12, OS id=19829 
LMS0 started with pid=13, OS id=19831 at elevated priority
RMS0 started with pid=14, OS id=19835 
LMHB started with pid=15, OS id=19837 
MMAN started with pid=16, OS id=19839 
* Load Monitor used for high load check 
* New Low - High Load Threshold Range = [1920 - 2560] 
LGWR started with pid=18, OS id=19843 
DBW0 started with pid=17, OS id=19841 
CKPT started with pid=19, OS id=19845 
SMON started with pid=20, OS id=19847 
RECO started with pid=21, OS id=19849 
RBAL started with pid=22, OS id=19851 
ASMB started with pid=23, OS id=19853 
MMON started with pid=24, OS id=19855 
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
MMNL started with pid=25, OS id=19857 
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
lmon registered with NM - instance number 1 (internal mem no 0)
2011-05-02 22:28:09.825000 +08:00
NOTE: initiating MARK startup 
Starting background process MARK
MARK started with pid=28, OS id=19866 
NOTE: MARK has subscribed 
Reconfiguration started (old inc 0, new inc 2)
List of instances:
 1 (myinst: 1) 
 Global Resource Directory frozen
* allocate domain 0, invalid = TRUE 
 Communication channels reestablished
 Master broadcasted resource hash value bitmaps
 Non-local Process blocks cleaned out
 LMS 0: 0 GCS shadows cancelled, 0 closed, 0 Xw survived
 Set master node info 
 Submitted all remote-enqueue requests
 Dwn-cvts replayed, VALBLKs dubious
 All grantable enqueues granted
 Post SMON to start 1st pass IR
 Submitted all GCS remote-cache requests
 Post SMON to start 1st pass IR
 Fix write in gcs resources
Reconfiguration complete
LCK0 started with pid=30, OS id=19872 
Starting background process RSMN
RSMN started with pid=31, OS id=19874 
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /s01/orabase
2011-05-02 22:28:12.112000 +08:00
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
This instance was first to mount
2011-05-02 22:28:13.202000 +08:00
NOTE: Loaded library: System 
ALTER SYSTEM SET 
local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.122)(PORT=1521))))' 
SCOPE=MEMORY SID='PROD1';
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATA was mounted
NOTE: dependency between database PROD and diskgroup resource ora.DATA.dg is established


/* 也可以直接增大large_pool_size来解决上述问题 */

large_pool_size=30M
memory_target=912M

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